A rare species of cup coral, found on bedrock gullies and caves; known from one site only in Northern Ireland.

In brief

• Found only on Rathlin Island
• Habitat is bedrock, vertical faces, overhangs and caves, frequently in poorly lit locations
• Can be found throughout the year
• It is an extremely rare species, exploiting a specialised habitat
• Trends in its conservation status are not known.

Species description: This is a relatively inconspicuous cup coral, up to 12mm across and up to 18mm tall — its height is typically greater than its diameter. It has a robust calcareous skeleton for its size, characterised by protruding septa or divisions which extend outside the top of the skeleton. The polyps are translucent white with short knobbed tentacles, although some writers also report colours ranging to pale reddish-brown.

Life cycle: The species is dioecious, that is, there are two distinct sexes, and after spawning and fertilisation, there is a relatively long planktonic stage, thus allowing quite wide dispersal of larvae. This has not, however, prevented it from being extremely localised.

Similar species: Corynactis viridis, the jewelled anemone is superficially similar, but has a much wider range of colours. Caryophyllia smithii, the Devonshire cup coral is also similar, but C. inornata is smaller, and septa are in six-rayed formation.

How to see this species: Caryophyllia inornata may be found on sublittoral (down to about 30m depth) vertical or overhanging rock faces, and even small caves — notably locations with greatly reduced light, and often in small groups. The only known Northern Ireland site is off Ruecallan, Rathlin Island. The species has also been recorded in Lough Hyne, Cork, and in western Scotland and south-west Wales and England. Further afield, it is commonly recorded from Azores and along the Atlantic coasts of Spain, Portugal and France. It can be found throughout the year.

Current status: Known only from Ruecallan, on Rathlin Island, and this is one of only two localities in Ireland.

Why is this species a priority in Northern Ireland? Northern Ireland holds one of the only two known sites for this species in Ireland, and is rare, probably declining. It is a characteristic species of very unusual sublittoral cliffs and cave systems around the western end of Rathlin Island.

Threats: There are no known threats, and its habitat may be regarded as being fairly immune to human disturbance or damage. However, despite this it may be vulnerable to ecosystem changes brought about by changes in water quality, and by climate change, although it is equally possible that its range may increase with warming sea temperatures.

Action:

• Maintain the only known viable population of the species in Northern Ireland
• Maintain the range of the species
• Establish appropriate management of its only known site
• Monitor population (or a sample) at its Rathlin site.

Objectives: Records of new sites for this species, with details of habitat and population are always valuable. Send these to CEDaR, National Museums Northern Ireland, 153 Bangor Road, Cultra, Holywood, County Down, BT18 0EU. Tel 028 9039 5257 or e-mail cedar.info [at] nmni.com. If you are a diver, and interested in becoming involved in recording marine life in Northern Ireland through the Seasearch project, contact Claire Goodwin at claire.goodwin [at] gmail.com or look at the web site www.seasearch.org.uk (Northern Ireland web pages).

Conservation: Survey work is being conducted throughout Northern Ireland waters (including the north coast) by Northern Ireland Environment Agency for this and other species and habitats generally.

There is no Species Action Plan for Caryophyllia inornata, but the UK Habitat Action Plan for Inshore Sublittoral Rock has the following objectives:

• maintain the extent and quality of inshore sublittoral rock habitats in the UK, including the full diversity of communities.

Measures to be considered further include:

• protecting sites of conservation importance from damage through contamination and physical disturbance (for example, turbidity and towed fishing gear)
• requiring EIAs for coastal developments to examine potential effects on intertidal and nearshore areas
• monitoring any impact of dump sites on inshore sublittoral rock habitats, communities and wildlife, and taking action as appropriate
• implementing strategies for managing the coastal zone at local, regional and national levels.

Distribution Map from NBN: Caryophyllia inornata at National Biodiversity Network mapping facility, data for UK.

iNaturalist: Caryophyllia inornata at iNaturalist World Species Observations database.

WoRMS: Caryophyllia inornata at World Register of Marine Species. Accepted name: Caryophyllia (Caryophyllia) inornata (Duncan, 1878). AphiaID: 135141.

Literature:

Howson, C.M. and Picton, B.E. (ed.) (1997). The species directory of the marine fauna and flora of the British Isles and surrounding seas. Ulster Museum and The Marine Conservation Society, Belfast and Ross-on-Wye. Belfast: Ulster Museum. [Ulster Museum publication, no. 276.].

Manuel, R.L. (1988). British Anthozoa. Synopses of the British Fauna (New Series) (ed. D.M. Kermack and R.S.K. Barnes), The Linnean Society of London. Avon: The Bath Press. [Synopses of the British Fauna No. 18.].

Peckett, F. (2007). Caryophyllia inornata. Southern cup coral. Marine Life Information Network: Biology and Sensitivity Key Information Sub-programme [on-line]. Plymouth: Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. [cited 26/03/2008]. http://www.marlin.ac.uk/species/Caryophylliainornata.htm.

Classification: Biota; Animalia; Cnidaria; Anthozoa; Hexacorallia; Scleractinia; Vacatina; Caryophylliidae; Caryophyllia

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Allen & Mellon Environmental Ltd. (2026). Caryophyllia inornata. Duncan, 1878. [In] Priority species, Marine Biodiversity Portal NI. https://www2.habitas.org.uk/marbiop-ni/priorityaccounts.php?item=D13710. Accessed on 2026-07-28